Basics of Counting Islamic Doctrines and Sects; and it’s Classification by the Famous People of Articles Until the End of the of Sixth Century AH.

Abstract

 The subject of Islamic doctrines and sects is one of the most important and controversial topics, because of its sensitivity in the Islamic community and the influence of sectarianism intolerance on the part of most of the artists who participated in this aspect of the Islamic heritage, which led to the formation of a rigid idea in this context and a hostile position to those who disagree with the doctrine. We have chosen the title (The bases of the counting of Islamic doctrines and sects and their classification among the authors until the end of the seventh century AH). We intended the authors of the articles who wrote on the subject of Islamic doctrines and sects, in order to identify the bases adopted by those writers in counting the Islamic doctrines and sects and classifying them and knowing their extent of reality. We found ourselves in front of a narrative material repeated by most of the authors generation after generation without analysis and scrutiny and without providing something new in it, especially with regard to the number of doctrines and sects in Islam and their classification based on this to their understanding and interpretation of the narrated Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) To the separation of the nation to seventy-three groups or their defend their own sects that they belong to. Trying hard to draw in the imagination of the Muslims that their division to which they belong is the survivor and that the followers of the other teams in the shadow and in hell. 

 And go who wrote on this subject as much as possible in the multiplication of doctrines and sects and bias in one way or another to the division that he belongs to in his faith and doctrine, so we found that it is necessary to know and understand the bases on which the authors built their laws in counting the doctrines and sects in Islam and their classification, it is illogical to read The difference in these books just like narrative reading without knowing the background of this; because this topic is one of the important topics in the past of Muslims and their present and future.                               

We have relied on the method of collecting, questioning and analyzing the material from its primary sources and conducting an objective scientific analysis to arrive at the truth. The research was based on an introduction, three topics, a conclusion, and a list of sources and references. 

In the first part, we discussed the foundations adopted by the most famous authors of the third and fourth centuries AH in the counting and classification of Islamic doctrines and sects. In the second section, we discussed the bases adopted by the most famous authors of the fifth and sixth centuries AH in counting and categorizing Islamic doctrines and sects. In the third section, we discussed the most famous authors of the seventh century AH in the counting of Islamic doctrines and sects and their classification. We have chosen this period of time because the scientific material written by the most famous writers in this area is the basis on which it was adopted by those who came after them and built their structure in the statement of Islamic sects and sects. Then came the conclusion of the research to bear the most important results we have reached, followed by a list of sources and references that supported the research.           

  Through the research we found that the narrated hadith about the Prophet Muhammad (PBUM): "My nation will be divided into seventy-three division in in hell and  only one survivor division," and this  was the most fundamental basis on which the owners of articles in the counting of the Islamic doctrines and sects and their classification, but they refrained in explaining this hadith and they assigned in  numbering of divisions  and their classification until it reached to the required number and  their assignment contrary to the law of development and natural facts to develop the groups had stopped during the first centuries in this field.