Estimating the Magnitude of Wind Erosion in the Jil and Safawi Basins in the Southeast of Al-Shabaka District Using GIS

Abstract

Wind erosion occurs in regions with hot, dry desert climates, as the winds carry out the process of transporting loose, dry soil particles and then depositing these fragments elsewhere. One of the most important reasons that lead to the drying and disintegration of the soil and thus its exposure to wind erosion is the high temperature, which results in the high rate of evaporation / transpiration, the lack of vegetation cover, and the scarcity of water resources. (GIS)).

It became clear through the study that the study area is characterized by climatic conditions represented by (high temperatures, evaporation values, less rainfall and less vegetation cover), which made the soil, especially in the summer season, exposed to the risk of wind erosion. As for the geological formations prevailing in the study area, it was represented by the triple time deposits, Formations (Umm Erdama and Jal), as well as quadruple time deposits.

The region was also distinguished by its variation in elevation, as it reached its highest altitude (440 m) above sea level in the western parts, while its lowest height reached (320 m) above sea level in the eastern parts

As for the soil, it is characterized by its poverty with organic materials and it is classified into the stony desert soil, the soil of the valleys, the soil of the floods and the soil of the sand dunes, as well as studying the natural plant in terms of its types and distribution.

It is evident through the study that the annual total climate susceptibility to wind erosion in the study area reached (28.21) degrees, so it is located within the areas with medium erosion, and its highest rate was recorded in July (6.10) degrees and the lowest in December) 0.45), as for the susceptibility of the soil to wind erosion, the study area is within a very high erosion, where the highest value was recorded in May (1076283.96).