Currency of Foreign Movements and their Impact on Cash Circulation in the Mountains Region from the 3rd to 5th Hijri Centuries

Abstract

The mountains region is one of the areas where the currency is more frequent, given that the cities of the region have been exposed to many invasions. Therefore, the research deals with this region for its geographical, political and economic importance, stressing the economic aspect, with regard to the money circulating in this region, for its knowledge, and knowledge of the most important cities in which the money was minted. The research reached the borders of the Buyid and Seljuk coins, which were imposed on the cities of the region, because these countries occupied the region, in addition to the presence of local currencies minted by the princes of the cities of the region. The Abbasid money had a presence in the cities of the region, which was used by the princes of the region's cities as a pretext to legitimize their rule over the cities of the region. Gold was predominantly silver in the mountain region, and dealings were done in dirhams, and dinars in the process of trade exchange. The beating houses spread in the cities of the mountain region, clearly, due to the interest of city princes in them. The weight of the currencies varied from one place to another, according to the political and economic situation that prevailed in the cities of the region.