The Temporal Irony in Lutfia Al-Dulaimi’s Novel The Ladies of Saturn: An Analytical Study

Abstract

The temporal structure of the novel is subject to the course of events usually in a sequential chronological order, but overlaps may occur in the order of time, which critics called (the temporal paradox). And it means departing from the natural order of time, whether by the return of events, or an attempt to extrapolate the plan of the future, backwards, and this displacement is connected to the site of the narration from it, and thus it rises by breaking the linearity of time. Gérard Genet has referred to this term as (the various forms of dissonance between the order of the story and the order of the tale...). This term has undergone a change and change in terms of the concept, and it is in a state of continuous development, and the author of the paradox needs an effort and creative power to build a paradoxical temporal architecture within the novel, (The Ladies of Saturn) novel rich in paradoxes that contributed to highlighting the poetic aesthetic features of the novel, as the employment of this technique led To the harmony of the novel and the expansion of the temporal space and encourage the recipient to read the text, as these temporal paradoxes greatly contributed to the dissolution of the novel knots, and the temporal paradox is formed in two ways: the first: retrieval, and the other: anticipation.

The research came in two sections, the first: retrieval, which was divided into two axes: external retrieval and internal retrieval, while the second section was devoted to the technique of anticipation, which was divided into two axes: external anticipation and internal anticipation, and then we presented the most important findings of the research, and used the method analytical in it.